724 research outputs found
Underpinning UK High-Value Manufacturing: Development of a Robotic Re-manufacturing System
Impact and its measure of outcome is a given
performance indicator within academia. Impact metrics and the
associated understanding play a large part of how academic
research is judged and ultimately funded. Natural progression of
successful scientific research into industry is now an essential tool
for academia. This paper describes what began over ten years ago
as a concept to automate a bespoke welding system, highlighting
its evolution from the research laboratories of The University of
Sheffield to become a platform technology for aerospace remanufacturing
developed though industry-academia
collaboration. The design process, funding mechanisms, research
and development trials and interaction between robotic
technology and experienced welding engineers has made possible
the construction of a robotic aerospace turbofan jet engine blade
re-manufacturing system. This is a joint collaborative research
and development project carried out by VBC Instrument
Engineering Limited (UK) and The University of Sheffield (UK)
who are funded by the UK governmentsâ innovation agency,
Innovate-UK with the Aerospace Technology Institute, the Science
and Facilities Technology Council (STFC) and the Engineering
and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Intelligent Sensing for Robotic Re-Manufacturing in Aerospace - An Industry 4.0 Design Based Prototype
Emerging through an industry-academia
collaboration between the University of Sheffield and VBC
Instrument Engineering Ltd, a proposed robotic solution for remanufacturing
of jet engine compressor blades is under ongoing
development, producing the first tangible results for evaluation.
Having successfully overcome concept adaptation, funding
mechanisms, design processes, with research and development
trials, the stage of concept optimization and end-user application
has commenced. A variety of new challenges is emerging, with
multiple parameters requiring control and intelligence. An
interlinked collaboration between operational controllers,
Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) systems,
databases, safety and monitoring systems, is creating a complex
network, transforming the traditional manual re-manufacturing
method to an advanced intelligent modern smart-factory.
Incorporating machine vision systems for characterization,
inspection and fault detection, alongside advanced real-time
sensor data acquisition for monitoring and evaluating the
welding process, a huge amount of valuable industrial data is
produced. Information regarding each individual blade is
combined with data acquired from the system, embedding data
analytics and the concept of ĂŹInternet of ThingsĂź (IoT) into the
aerospace re-manufacturing industry. The aim of this paper is to
give a first insight into the challenges of the development of an
Industry 4.0 prototype system and an evaluation of first results of
the operational prototype
Process monitoring and industrial informatics for on-line optimization of Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) â Industry 4.0 for robotic additive re-manufacturing of aeroengine components
Industry 4.0, the scheme that drives the fourth industrial revolution, has been, since its conception, reshaping the manufacturing industry. To advance current industrial chains into the smart factories of the future, cyber-physical systems are monitored and communicate with each other to ensure transparent interoperability, giving birth to the emerging field of industrial informatics. To enable the repair and recycling of high value jet engine compressor blades, additive manufacturing is utilized. The complex geometries and asymmetrical wear of the blades require robotic welding systems to be trained by experienced human welding engineers in order to be able to adapt to differing components. Demonstrated in this paper, process monitoring and industrial informatics are introduced to the adaption of Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) utilized by a developing robotic system for the additive re-manufacturing of aeroengine components. Using a novel variant of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), the robotic welding system under development is a product of an industry-academia collaboration between the Enabling Sciences for Intelligent Manufacturing Group (ESIM) of the University of Sheffield and VBC Instrument Engineering Ltd
Transfer Analysis of Human Engineering Skills for Adaptive Robotic Additive Manufacturing in the Aerospace Repair and Overhaul Industry
The desire for smart âlights out factoriesâ which can autonomously produce components for high value manufacturing industries is described by the Industry 4.0 solution. This manufacturing methodology is appropriate for newly designed components, which take advantage of modern materials, robotic and automation processes, but not necessarily applicable to overhaul and repair. The aerospace overhaul and repair industry remains heavily dependent on human engineering skills to develop repair and re-manufacturing techniques for complex components of high value.
Development of any advanced, intelligent multi-agent robotic additive re-manufacturing system requires correct interrogation of metallic materials thermal properties, system control and output. Advanced programming of robots, data interpretation from associated sensory and feedback systems are required to mirror human input. Using process analysis to determine stimuli, replacement of human sensory receptors with electronic sensors, vision systems and high-speed data acquisition and control systems allows for the intelligent fine tuning of multiple heat input parameters to deposit the additive material at any one time. The interaction of these key components combined with novel robotic technology and experienced welding engineers has made possible the construction of a disruptive robotic re-manufacturing technology.
This paper demonstrates the design process and analyses the outputs sourced from observation and the recording of highly skilled human engineers when conducting manual remanufacturing and repair techniques. This data is then mined for the transferable control input parameters required to replicate and improve human performance.
This industry-academia research intensive collaboration between VBC Instrument Engineering Limited (UK) and The University of Sheffield has received project funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, 2006â2010), the Science and Facilities Technology Council (STFC, 2011â2013) and Innovate-UK with the Aerospace Technology Institute (2014â2018)
A feasibility study comparing two commercial TIG welding machines for deep penetration
Developing deep penetration TIG welding to produce
welds of equal quality to the industrial standard practise
of laser-based welding techniques has the potential to
lower production complexity and cost. The detrimental
effects of the necessary higher currents required to
increase penetration depth in conventional TIG welding
have been shown to be circumvented through K-TIG and
A-TIG techniques. However, prior experimental work on
weld pool dynamics in conventional TIG welding in
higher current regions has been sparse as TIG welding
enhanced through novel techniques provides the best
quality welds.
This paper is an early feasibility study for novel deep
penetration welding techniques motivated by
observations made during research done at The
University of Sheffield where novel activity in the weld
pool was identified during TIG welding with a VBC
IE500DHC between 300A â 1000A. This current range is
labelled the âRed Regionâ. Understanding the weld pool
dynamics in the âRed Regionâ allows the potential
exploration of novel techniques for deep penetration TIG
welding. Addressing this, the paper compares the quality
of welds produced between 100A and 200A on 316
Stainless Steel by two industrially leading welding
machines; the Miller Dynasty 350 and the VBCie
500DHC
Advanced Real-Time Weld Monitoring Evaluation Demonstrated with Comparisons of Manual and Robotic TIG Welding Used in Critical Nuclear Industry Fabrication
Ensuring critical welded joint quality and repeatability is largely dependent on robust, well-designed Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS). Highly skilled manual welding engineers automatically recognise many imperfections, adjusting their responses according to inputs from vision, smell and sounds made during the welding process. Unfortunately, exceptional human ability does not guarantee performance when less predictable influences occur during welding processes. Human error and materials imperfections can result in defective welds for critical applications, commonly attributed to
material surface impurities and contamination. Fault detection is problematic; the only finite method of weld testing is destructive testing which is not applicable to final product verification. Quality assurance and control is used to guarantee the welding process repeatability by production of a Procedure Qualification Record. This often-lengthy approval process restricts welding technology and materials application advancement. An alternative method of testing is the detection of flaws and defects in real-time to allow immediate process corrections. Development of real time welding evaluation instrumentation requires welding process parameters measurements combined with high-speed data processing. This real time monitoring and evaluation produces a weld defect fingerprint used to determine quality. We aim to highlight variations found in welding process quality using real-time monitoring and assess if it is within the acceptable standards for nuclear applications. To achieve this, we first must understand the human welding engineer using data taken from a series of manual weld trials. The trials use a common welding operation found in nuclear reactor pressure vessels. Reference data comparisons are made using identical trials with robotic welding equipment. Trial comparison results indicate that real time evaluation of welding processes detects flaws in weld quality. We then demonstrate how applications of welding process parameters are exceptionally effective methods for the control of robotic welding applications
Upgrade to the Birmingham Irradiation Facility
The Birmingham Irradiation Facility was developed in 2013 at the University of Birmingham using the Medical Physics MC40 cyclotron. It can achieve High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) fluences of 1015 (1 MeV neutron equivalent (neq)) cm-2 in 80 s with proton beam currents of 1 ΌA and so can evaluate effectively the performance and durability of detector technologies and new components to be used for the HL-LHC. Irradiations of silicon sensors and passive materials can be carried out in a temperature controlled cold box which moves continuously through the homogenous beamspot. This movement is provided by a pre-configured XY-axis Cartesian robot scanning system. In 2014 the cooling system and cold box were upgraded from a recirculating glycol chiller system to a liquid nitrogen evaporative system. The new cooling system achieves a stable temperature of -50 °C in 30 min and aims to maintain sub-0 °C temperatures on the sensors during irradiations. This paper reviews the design, development, commissioning and performance of the new cooling system
Development of a vision system for TIG welding - a work-in-progress study
The development of a Vision System for TIG Welding
has the potential to help realize a real time process monitoring
system for joining tasks which require automated welding. A
key application of this technique is in the Nuclear Industry;
where industrial components require several passes (layers of
welding) to achieve robust joints. Through monitoring a welding
process such as this in real time, material and time waste could
be drastically reduced as faults could be instantly identified.
A TIG welding arc is a very intense source of both light and
heat, making the creation of a vision system for it challenging.
Higher currents result in; brighter TIG welding arcs, higher
energy input and deeper and wider weld pools. Nuclear industry
applications require deep penetration welding but bright TIG
welding arcs can overwhelm the intensity of an auxiliary illumination
laser reducing the image clarity of an observing camera
system. Thus, a balance between a wide weld bead with clear
features applicable to deep penetration but without a brightness
level which overwhelms that of the laser must be found.
This paper is a Work-in-Progress study of a vision system
for TIG welding using an automated TIG welding system and a
camera with a laser illumination system. Welding was performed
using a Miller Dynasty 350 at 100A with a 3B class laser used
to illuminate the weld pool
Evaluating the Radiation Tolerance of a Robotic Finger
In 2024, The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will be upgraded to increase its luminosity by a factor of 10 (HL-LHC). The ATLAS inner detector (ITk) will be upgraded at the same time. It has suffered the most radiation damage, as it is the section closest to the beamline, and the particle collisions. Due to the risk of excessive radiation doses, human intervention to decommission the inner detector will be restricted. Robotic systems are being developed to carry out the decommissioning and limit radiation exposure to personnel. In this paper, we present a study of the radiation tolerance of a robotic finger assessed in the Birmingham Cyclotron facility. The finger was part of the Shadow Grasper from Shadow Robot Company, which uses a set of Maxon DC motors
Robotic additive manufacturing system featuring wire deposition by electric arc for high-value manufacturing
Increasing demand from the high-value manufacturing industries of quality, productivity, efficiency and security aligns with the ambition and driving need for novel automated robotic systems. This paper describes the motivation, design and implementation phases of the SERFOW project (Smart Enabling Robotics driving Free Form Welding). SERFOW is an automated additive manufacturing arc and wire tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding prototype to support industrial manufacturing requirements of the nuclear, aerospace and automotive industry sectors. Key innovations are found in the integration of a 3D vision system with a robotic manipulator to perform automatic free-form fusion welding for the multiple layer additive material build-up required to expand Additive Manufacturing (AM) with minimum human intervention. Welding trials were performed on samples made of Super Duplex stainless steel alloy. Metallographic observations were performed to analyze the porosity distribution and penetration on the material after welding. Also, temperature, feritescope and tensile measurements were performed. The results showed that the welding and AM process performed with the SERFOW cell are within an acceptable quality tolerance range according to the ISO 5817 and the ASME A789 welding standards
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